We have abbreviated our citations to other pattern instructions as follows:

Fifth Circuit Instruction . . . . . Fifth Circuit District Judges Association Pattern Jury Instructions Committee, Pattern Jury Instructions, Criminal Cases (1990)

Sixth Circuit Instruction . . . . . Sixth Circuit District Judges Association Pattern Criminal Jury Instructions Committee, Pattern Criminal Jury Instructions (1991)

Eighth Circuit Instruction . . . . . Eighth Circuit Committee on Model Criminal Jury Instructions, Manual of Model Criminal Jury Instructions for the District Courts of the Eighth Circuit (1996)

Ninth Circuit Instruction . . . . . Ninth Circuit Committee on Model Criminal Jury Instructions, Manual of Model Criminal Jury Instruction for the District Courts of the Ninth Circuit (1995)

Eleventh Circuit Instruction . . . . . Eleventh Circuit District Judges Association Pattern Jury Instructions Committee, Pattern Jury Instructions, Criminal Cases (1985)

Federal Judicial Center

 Instruction . . . . . Federal Judicial Center, Pattern Criminal Jury Instructions (1988)

Sand, et al., Instruction . . . . . Leonard B. Sand et al., Modern Federal Jury Instructions (Nov. 1996)